Privacy, plainly.

What we measure

We use limited, cookie-free measurement to understand general activity such as viewed pages, approximate device and browser details, and referring pages. This helps us maintain and improve the site.

When you allow Google Analytics

Google Analytics stays off until you allow it. If enabled, usage and device information may be processed by Google under its own terms. You can change your choice above at any time.

When you load article comments

Article comments use Giscus and GitHub Discussions. The embedded comment panel stays off until you choose “Load comments”. Loading it connects your browser to those services, which may receive technical information such as your IP address and the page address. This choice is separate from analytics.

You can read comments without an account. Posting requires signing in with GitHub and authorizing Giscus. Your comments and GitHub identity are public in ourcomment repository. If you sign in, an encrypted Giscus session is stored in this site's browser local storage; signing out through the comment panel removes it. The login callback is removed from the page address before this site's analytics runs.

These services have their own policies:Giscus privacy policyand GitHub privacy statement.

How information is handled

Providers supporting delivery, security, and measurement may process limited technical information for those purposes. We retain information only as reasonably needed, do not sell it, and disclose it only when required by law or necessary to operate the site.